Of all the places that come to our minds that we have been to over the years, there is one place that has remained in our minds—St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge. Tucked away on the Nature Coast of Florida, this serene refuge is a haven for wildlife lovers, birdwatchers, hikers, and all those who need time out nature.
St. Mark’s is not a conventional tourist destination. While known to nature lovers and outdoors people, it does not attract those crowds that more well-known national parks have. For us, that makes it all the more special-there’s a sense of quiet wonder here, a sense that you’re stepping into some kind of secret world that not many get to experience this authentically. If you are one of those who would love to experience Florida’s beauty in its real, raw form, here’s a list of places we believe one just cannot miss.
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Where is the St. Marks Wildlife Refuge? How do You Get there?
Along the Gulf Coast, it is approximately 25 miles south of Tallahassee and 10 miles from the town of St. Marks. The main entrance is on U.S. Highway 98.
From Tallahassee (Approx. 25 miles): Take US Highway 98 South–From downtown Tallahassee, head south on US Highway 98 (this is the main road that runs along Florida’s Gulf Coast). Continue on US-98–Follow US 98 for about 25 miles, passing through rural areas and small communities like Crawfordville. Arrive at the Refuge Entrance–The main entrance to St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge is on US 98, near the town of St. Marks. Look for the signs pointing out the entrance to the refuge.
From Apalachicola (Approx. 60 miles): Take US Highway 98 East–From Apalachicola, take US 98 east toward Carrabelle. Continue through Panacea–Follow US 98 through the small towns of Carrabelle and Panacea. Arrive at the Refuge–After passing through Panacea, continue on US 98 for approximately 20 more miles until you reach the refuge entrance.
If you come from Florida’s Other Cities (Like Tampa, Orlando, or Miami): If you’re coming from further afield, the best route is usually to take Interstate 10 (I-10) to reach Tallahassee. From there, follow the directions above. From I-10 (Exit 209)–If you’re coming from I-10, take Exit 209 onto US Highway 90. Head South–Drive south on US 90, and then take the exit to US 98 South, following the signs to the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge.
Useful Information for Visitors to Know Before You go to St Marks National Wildlife Refuge
- Operating Hours: St Marks National Wildlife Refuge open year-round during daylight hours. Visitor Center: Open Monday–Friday, 8 am–4 pm; Saturday and Sunday, 10 am–5 pm; closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s Day and it may be closed on other federal holidays.
- Pets: The refuge allows pets, but you must always keep them on a leash. For the safety of wildlife and pets, and to preserve the natural environment, keep pets on a leash when on the trails.
- Entrance Fees: National Park Annual Pass holders: Free admission. $1 per bike/pedestrian, $5 per vehicle, $25 for annual Refuge pass.
- Best Time to Visit: the most comfortable times to visit are during Spring and Fall: These are great seasons for wildlife viewing, as migratory birds are passing through the area. You’ll also enjoy more comfortable temperatures for outdoor activities Summer (June to August): While summer can be hot/humid, it’s a good time for water activities like kayaking. Early morning and late evening are the best times to avoid the heat. NOTE: Bring plenty of water, sunscreen, and insect repellent if visiting in the warmer months! Winter (December to February): Ideal for birdwatching, as many migratory species visit during these months. The weather is cooler, making it pleasant for hiking.
- Cell Service can be spotty in some areas of the refuge, particularly along the more remote trails or on the water. It’s a good idea to let someone know your plans before heading out.
Things to do at the St. Marks Wildlife Refuge
St. Mark’s National Wildlife Refuge is the ideal destination for nature lovers seeking to truly get away from it all. This haven of 68,000 acres has something to offer a wide variety of interests, from birdwatching to hiking and picture-taking of wildlife, to just sitting along the water. Salt marshes, tidal flats, forests, and coastal uplands form several diverse ecosystems, each uniquely suitable for the refuge of migratory birds and explorers alike. Take in scenic drives, hike trails, or visit the famous St. Marks Lighthouse. There are a lot of things to do and see in this refuge.
Stop at the Visitor Center First: Your Gateway to Exploring the St. Marks Wildlife Refuge
Before you set off on your adventure at the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, be sure to stop by the Visitor Center. This is where we began our day. The friendly staff here are full of knowledge. They provided us with historical details, trail maps, and helpful tips on the best spots to visit within the refuge. Whether you’re looking for recommendations on the best birdwatching locations or you’re in search of the perfect trail to hike, the Visitor Center is your go-to spot for planning your day. Plus, there are often exhibits on local wildlife, history, and conservation efforts, giving you a deeper understanding of the area’s significance. You’ll also find a nature store, passport stamps, and brochures that detail the must-see places near the refuge.
Just outside the back entrance—there is an observation deck overlooking a Plum Orchard pond. We looked for gators, then took the 1/3 Mile Plum Orchard Pond Trail. This interpretive trail loops through the pine woods. If you’re lucky, you might spot some wildlife on the way-some particular gopher tortoise, or that rare eastern diamondback rattlesnake. The quiet on the trail enables one to take off from the hustle-bustle and sit in deep nature.
Scenic St Marks Lighthouse Drive
The scenic road that is 7 miles long starts at the Visitor Center. Tall oak and pine trees covered in moss create a stunning tunnel that brings back memories of old Florida. In just a mile or two, it takes you from looking at the forest to marshlands and offers wide views of the whole coast. Levees ponds and old tramway paths line both sides of the road. Each bend in the road offered us fresh sights, making it enjoyable to drive. The drive offers a great chance to see the migratory birds at the refuge. We took breaks often to go for quick walks or to fish in the ponds.
East River Pool: A Birdwatcher’s Dream
We stopped for the first time right after the double bridges at the East River Pool. I spotted a squadron of white pelicans in the faraway pool. It’s an excellent place to go for birdwatching, especially in the cooler months when lots of migratory species pass by.
One of the park rangers stopped while we were fishing the pond. He was looking for otters. The previous day, the ranger had observed the otters swimming after fish and driving them into the dyke. They had enjoyed a good meal. This was probably the reason we didn’t have much success fishing.
Explore the Stony Bayou Trail in St Marks National Wildlife Refuge
Only a mile or so down the road was the Stoney Bayou Pools Loop Trail. We headed there since it was going to be an ideal spot to stretch our legs. The trail allows dogs-only if they are on a leash-so we brought along our energetic pup, Sage, in tow. The 3.3-mile loop winds its way through a beautiful wetland prairie. Wide-open views of marshlands surrounded you.
There is hardly any shade along the trail; still, with a cooling breeze that day, the walk was comfortable. Additionally, with the wind, keep the bugs at bay. Today’s clear skies made it an excellent time to enjoy being outside. The grassy path is straightforward to travel along. I must say this is a pleasant stroll in itself-something perfect for soaking up the sights and sounds of this unique ecosystem. The Stony Bayou Trail is a wonderful way to appreciate what St. Marks Wildlife Refuge is all about.
Fishing the Mounds Pool in St Marks
Our next stop to do some casting was Mounds Pool. Mounds Pool is especially well-known for its abundant bird life. This is a busy stop on the Great Florida Birding and Wildlife Trail, with a wide assortment of wading birds, waterfowl, and various migratory species. It is possible to see herons, egrets, and the rather shy roseate spoonbill during the correct season. The wetlands around the pool offer a critical habitat for these species, hence making it a fantastic place for bird-watching.
Freshwater springs feed the Mounds pool. The surrounding wetlands create an ideal habitat for a variety of fish, including bass, bluegill, and bream. With such prime fishing conditions, we couldn’t resist casting a line. We spent a bit of time casting a worm over the lily pads and into the deeper pools, hoping for a good catch. The ripples in the lily pads gave us a clear sign that the fish were definitely there. Lurking just beneath the surface. Unfortunately, they didn’t seem too interested in biting that day. However, the quiet surroundings more than made up for it. Watching the gentle sway of the palmettos, it was easy to forget about the lack of action and simply enjoy the experience. It’s one of those places where the scenery and tranquility make the time spent there worthwhile—whether or not you land a big one.
Tower Pond Interpretive Trail: A Quiet Escape
For a more informative hike, the Tower Pond Interpretive Trail is quite the treasure. This 1.1-mile loop trail offers an enjoyable walk around Tower Pond. After crossing a small wooden bridge, the trail meanders through lush pine woods. Stopping to read the few interpretive signs along the trail gave us insights into the wildflowers and native plants lining the path. The chance to learn about the flora and fauna of the place makes this trail ideal for kids. The perfect blend of education and natural beauty.
If you have a bit more time and want to extend your adventure, consider tacking on the 1/4-mile Headquarters Trail. This brief detour leads to an observation platform with sweeping views of Headquarters Pond. It’s a great place for wildlife watching. Especially if you’re hoping to catch sight of wading birds or the occasional alligator sunning themselves along the banks. It is a fantastic place to pause, take in the beautiful ambiance of the refuge.
The St. Marks Lighthouse: A Historic Landmark
Not to be missed at the St. Marks Wildlife Refuge is the famous St. Marks Lighthouse at the end of the scenic road. This 88-foot lighthouse, constructed in 1829, is one of the oldest in Florida and has historical significance as striking as the views it offers. Built originally to guide ships through the treacherous waters of Apalachee Bay-an area known for shallow depth and hidden sandbars-it has been guiding vessels for nearly two centuries.
We have found this lighthouse to be an ideal spot for photography, be it wildlife or landscapes. It is especially beautiful during sunrise or sunset when the light takes on that golden glow over the bay. Though the lighthouse is no longer operational, the surrounding grounds are open. Currently, the lighthouse keeper’s house is open Friday through Sunday 11 am to 3 pm, by the Friends of St. Marks Wildlife Refuge.
For history lovers, the St. Marks Lighthouse offers an experience never to be forgotten through its guided tours. Operating on seasonal schedules, the tours provide a peek into the historic lightkeeper’s dwelling and its fascinating history. The exhibits will show just how important this lighthouse was in guiding ships through the waters of Apalachee Bay.
Experience the Levee Trail: A real Jewel
Arriving at the end of the road, the views of the coastline took our breath away. The endless stretch of sandy shores met the rolling waves, creating a perfect scene. Bright blue skies framed the lighthouse, making it stand out against the landscape. We decided to do the laid-back hike along the Levee Trail-a 0.9-mile out-and-back which runs along the shoreline. The trail is has gentle terrain with twists and turns along the bay. We walked, stopping every so often to take pictures of shimmering water, marshy rolling hills, or further out to the horizon-finally, something new would open up and be breathtaking. The Levee Trail is an absolute find-one of those that gets you right up against the coastline while you drink in the peaceful vibes of St. Marks Wildlife Refuge.
Note: Be cautious on certain trails as they may have sand spurs, which can be uncomfortable for pets or anyone without shoes! Also, watch for wildlife—alligators frequently inhabit areas near the banks and levees. Additionally, sand gnats and mosquitoes can be quite irritating, so it’s a good idea to bring some insect repellent along.
St Marks River: A Kayaker’s Paradise
For us, no trip to St. Marks is complete without getting out on the water. If you’re a fan of paddling, you can explore the quiet waters of the St. Marks River and nearby coastal areas by kayak or canoe. The river winds through salt marshes and tidal flats, providing a unique vantage point of the wildlife refuge.
We glided past mangroves, seagrass beds, and cypress trees, where we spotted a variety of birds such as ospreys, herons, and even bald eagles. If you’re really lucky, you might encounter a manatee gently surfacing for air. The water is generally calm, making it perfect for beginner and seasoned paddlers alike. We love bringing a waterproof camera along to capture the natural beauty of the refuge from a different perspective.
Unknown Fact: B-17 Flying Fortress Crash
I hadn’t known that a B-17 bomber on November 15, 1943, crashed within the refuge. The specific plane that was involved in the incident was called a B-17 Flying Fortress. Evidently, the airplane was on a training mission associated with the war effort. All of those aboard the B-17 died upon crashing. During the early years of World War II, Florida, and in particular its Gulf Coast, became a major location for military training. Bomber crews trained at military airfields such as Tallahassee Army Airfield and Thomasville Army Airfield. They flew many practice flights over rural and coastal areas of Florida.
A Migratory Birdwatcher’s Dream
If birdwatching is your thing (and it’s one of ours!), then the Cedar Point Trail is a must-see at St. Marks. This well-marked trail runs through various habitats within the refuge, from saltwater marshes to freshwater ponds. It’s especially active in spring and fall when thousands of migratory birds pass through on their way to and from their breeding grounds.
During our visit, we saw dozens of species, including sandpipers, wood storks, and even a few roseate spoonbills. The birding here is phenomenal year-round, but it’s the migration periods that truly show off the diversity of bird species. Whether you’re an experienced birder or just starting out, the trail offers plenty of opportunities to spot some incredible birds. Don’t forget your binoculars!
Another great location for birding is in nearby Wakulla Springs State Park. We did the Cathedral of Palms 6-mile loop. It is a section of the Florida Trail that runs the through the entire state of Florida. We spotted Pileated Woodpeckers, Eastern Bluebirds, kingfishers, and various water birds around the springs and surrounding forest.
Sign up for Guided Tours and Programs
St. Marks provides guided tours and activities throughout the year, such as watching wildlife birdwatching and hiking. Knowledgeable rangers or local experts who shared information about the area’s natural history often led these tours and help to local refuge wildlife. This is a wonderful way to increase your understanding of the refuge, especially if you are new to the area or don’t have much experience watching wildlife.
Check out the schedule of events for the refuge to see what’s being offered during your visit, and sign up early for tours that are frequently filled to capacity.
Where to Stay on Your Visit to St Marks Wildlife Refuge
The refuge doesn’t permit overnight camping. You can find several campgrounds in the vicinity, such as Newport Campground (we stayed here), along with hotels and other lodging options in St. Marks and surrounding areas. If you’re thinking about camping or staying overnight, it’s a good idea to book your spot in advance, as places can get busy, particularly during peak seasons.
As part of our southern road trip adventure, we found Newport Campground to be a friendly and relaxed place to camp situated right outside St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge. It is a great place to stay for anyone wanting to explore the refuge and the nearby Gulf Coast region. Newport Campground has many facilities to make your visit enjoyable. You can choose between tent camping and RV spots. Each site has picnic tables, fire rings and lots of shade to relax in. The campground is simple but has basic services. It offers a calm getaway from the busy pace of everyday life. RV campers can find water and electricity connections at some spots and there are restrooms and showers for visitors to use. This Nature Coast park is close to several notable places, including Wakulla Springs State Park, San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park, and the Crooked River Lighthouse.
What to Bring to the St. Marks Wildlife Refuge
- Sunscreen and Hat: Some areas of the refuge, like the salt flats or tidal flats, offer little shade, so be sure to protect yourself from the sun.
- Bug Repellent: Particularly during the summer months, mosquitoes and ticks can be a nuisance.
- Binoculars and a Camera: Whether you’re birdwatching or enjoying the scenery, you’ll want to capture some of the amazing wildlife and landscapes. St. Marks is a photographer’s dream.
- Water and Snacks: Since there are limited facilities within the refuge, it’s always a good idea to bring your own water and light snacks, especially if you plan to spend the day exploring.
- Appropriate Footwear: Many of the trails are natural and may be muddy or uneven. We recommend hiking boots or sturdy shoes if you’re venturing on foot. For water activities, pack water shoes if you plan to kayak or explore tidal areas.
Final Thoughts: Hidden Gems Of Remarkable St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge
St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge is a special place that seems like a hidden gem from a different world. The salt marshes of St. Marks have an enchanting quality that is hard to explain. I think the combination of beautiful coastlines and various types of habitats makes this place a must-see for anyone who loves nature and outdoor activities. You can discover something new whether you are kayaking on the creek, hiking in the oak forests or just sitting quietly by the salt marshes. It is a place that encourages you to take your time breathing deeply, thus connecting with nature.
We will surely come back many times. It’s the ideal spot to disconnect, refresh and focus on what really matters: enjoying the amazing beauty of nature that surrounds us.
Happy exploring! Have you been to the St. Marks Wildlife Refuge? What did you think of it? Share what you did on your adventure in the comments below.
